The 96 Basic Principles (Thathwas)

 

The siddhas described 96 principles as the main constituents of Human being. They include Physical, Physiological, Mental and Intellectual components of a person. They are nothing but the manifestations of the Five Basic Elements.

 

Bootham – 5 (Elements)

1.          prithvi-Earth
2.          appu-Water
3.          Theyu-Fire
4.          Vaayu-Air
5.          Aakaayam-Space

Pori – 5 (Sense Organs)

1.          Eye
2.          Ear
3.          Nose
4.          Tongue
5.          Skin

Pulan – 5 (Functions Of Sense Organs)

1.          Vision
2.          Hearing
3.          Smell
4.          Taste
5.          Touch

Kanmenthiriyam – 5 (Motor Organs)

1.          Hands
2.          Legs
3.          Mouth
4.          Rectum
5.          Sex Organs

Gnanenthriyam – 5 (Perception Of Senses With The Help Of Five Sense Organs)

Karanam – 4 (Intellectual Faculties)

1.          Manam
2.          Bhuddhi
3.          Siddham
4.          Ahankaram

Arivu – 1 (Wisdom Of Self Realization)

Naadi – 10 (Channels Of Life Force Responsible For The Dynamics Of Prana)

1.          Idakalai
2.          Pinkalai
3.          Sulumunai
4.          Siguvai
5.          Purudan
6.          Kanthari
7.          Atthi
8.          Allampudai
9.          Sanguni
10.          Gugu

Vayu – 10 (Vital Nerve Force Which Is Responsible For All Kinds Of Movements)

1.          Pranan
2.          Abanan
3.          Uthanan
4.          Samanan
5.          Vyanan
6.          Nagan
7.          Koorman
8.          Kirukaran
9.          Devadhathan
10.          Dhanenjeyan

Asayam – 5 (Visceral Cavities)

1.          Amarvasayam-Stomach
2.          Pakirvasayam-Small Intestine
3.          Malavasayam-Large Intestine Especially Rectum
4.          Chalavasayam-Urinary Bladder
5.          Sukilavasayam-Seminal Vesicle

Kosam – 5 (Five States Of The Human Body Or Sheath)

1.          Annamaya Kosam-Physical Sheath
2.          Manomaya Kosam-Mental Sheath
3.          Pranamaya Kosam-Respiratory Sheath
4.          Vignanamaya Kosam-Intellectual Sheath
5.          Ananthamaya Kosam-Blissful Sheath

Aatharam – 6 (Stations Of Soul)

1.          Moolatharam
2.          Swathistanam
3.          Manipooragam
4.          Anakatham
5.          Visuthi
6.          Aakinai

Mandalam – 3 (Regions)

1.          Thee Mandalam(Agni Mandalam)-Fire Region
2.          Gnayiru Mandalam(Soorya Mandalam)-Solar Region
3.          Thingal Mandalam(Chandra Mandalam)-Lunar Region

Malam – 3 (Three Impurities Of The Soul)

1.          Aanavam
2.          Kanmam
3.          Mayai

Thodam – 3 (Three Humours)

1.          Vatham
2.          Pitham
3.          Kapham

Eadanai – 3 (Physical Bindings)

1.          Porul Patru-Material Bindings
2.          Makkal Patru-Offspring Bindings
3.          Ulaga Patru-Worldly Bindings

Gunam – 3 (Three Cosmic Qualities)

1.          Sathuva Gunam (Characters Of Renunciation Or Ascetic Virtues)
2.          Rajo Gunam (Characters Of Ruler)
3.          Thamo Gunam (Immoral Characters)

Vinai – 2 (Acts)

1.          Nalvinai (Good Acts)
2.          Theevinai (Bad Acts)

Ragam – 8 (The Eight Passions)

1.          Kamam-Desire
2.          Kurotham-Hatred
3.          Ulobam-Stingy
4.          Moham-Lust (Intense Or Strong Desire)
5.          Matham-Pride (The Feeling Of Respect Towards Yourself)
6.          Marcharyam-Internal Conflict
7.          Idumbai-Mockery
8.          Ahankaram-Ego

Avasthai – 5 (Five States Of Consciousness)

1.          Ninaivu-Wakefulness
2.          Kanavu-Dreams
3.          Urakkam-Sleep
4.          Perurakkam-Repose (Tranquil Or Peaceful State)
5.          Uyirpadakkam-Insensibility To Surroundings

 

The PHYSIOLOGICAL UNITS of the Human body are Vatha, Pitha and Kapha.They are also formed by the combination of the five elements.

VADHA= AIR + SPACE

PITHA= FIRE

KAPHA= EARTH + WATER

These three humours are in the ratio 4:2:1 in equilibrium or Normal condition, they are called as the Life Forces. If these three components are present in the right proportion, a person is said to be physically healthy. But a fine balance is difficult to achieve and illness results. This forms the basis of 3 dosha�s theory.

 

Vatha

Functions:

Sensory function, reflex actions, respiration, thinking, stimulation.

Result of increased Vatha:

Wasting away of body muscles, tremors, distended, abdomen, constipation, insomnia and lack of inspiration.

Result of decreased Vatha:

This leads to body pain, low functioning of brain, feeble voice and other indications arising due to increased kapha.

 

Pitha

Functions:

It regulates body temperatures, vision, color of skin, sweat and digestion.

 

Result of increased Pitha:

Thirst and appetite increases, there is burning sensations less sleep. There is yellow hue about the eyes, skin and faeces.

Result of decreased Pitha:

Fall in temperature, less of appetite and paleness.

 

Kapha

Functions:

It gives luster to the skin and cools the eye. It gives whitish color to the skin, eye and faeces.

 

Result of increased kapha:

Loss of appetite, cough, diminished activity, excess salaivation, excess sleep and heaviness.

Result of decreased kapha:

Giddiness, joint ailments, excess sweat, lungs is affected and disturbed cardiac rhythm.

The PHYSICAL CONSTITUENTS which are identical to the various types of tissues are called as Udal Thathus(Body Constituents). They are also constituted by the Five Elements.

The Udal Thathus Are

1.          Saram(Primary Nourishing Fluid)
2.          Senneer(Blood)
3.          Oon(Muscle)
4.          Kozhuppu(Fat)
5.          Enbu(Bone)
6.          Moolai(Bone Marrow)
7.          Sukkilam/Suronitham(Sperm/Ovum)

These are the seven basic constituents that form the Physical Body.